Heat Exchanger Collar Bolts
What are Collar Bolts and where they used?
Collars bolts are used for removable bundle heat exchangers, to holding the bundle in place, if only the channel must be removed.
Approximately 25%, with a minimum of four, of the flange studs shall be Collar Bolts, in order to keep the bundle in place. All Collar Bolts shall have a square extension beyond the threads for use of a wrench to prevent turning of the bolt when the nuts are tightened or removed.
Example of Exchanger assembly with Collar Bolts
Example of Exchanger assembly where channel is removed
If only the channel must be removed, it's important that the bundle on the shell side remains fixed. If the bundle comes loose, it is very likely, that the gasket behind the tube sheet will be damaged, so that it is no longer possible, in order to achieve a good seal. As a result, the bundle must still be pulled out, in order to replace the gasket.
Remark(s) of the Author...
Collar Bolts can cause a lot of problems!
Some time ago, I was involved in a Turnaround, where many towers, vessels, reactors, tanks and, of course, heat exchangers had to be inspected.
What I did't know; most people of the contractors did not know what was a collar bolt.
Example
After install of the channel from E-1x8xB, and after service test no leakage was found.
If no leak is found during service test, generally you can "start-up" the equipment; and that's what happened.
When the operating pressure of the respective heat exchanger was achieved, suddenly there was a substantial leakage.
Not the bundle-channel side, but the bundle-shell side was leak, while only the channel was removed?. Of course I can not make it true, what really went wrong.
My suspicion is..
There are too many, or perhaps all collar bolts, during disassemply of the channel where are removed. As a result, I have already described above.
Solution?
- Stop the process...not really (costs are huge)
- Continue turning a small leak ... the operations manager must be say, YES or NO.
- Place an enclosure...costs are also relatively high, but are not commensurate with a unit or plant shut down.